| DVD 4X Writing Issues on 2X Drives - Verbatim Article |
DVD-R 4X speed discs are NOT backward compatible
on 2X DVD-R drives manufactured by Pioneer (including 2X drives
OEM'd by Pioneer for those like Apple, Sony, Compaq and other
2X speed DVD-R/-RW drives), UNLESS the drives' firmware has
been updated.
If the 2X drive firmware has been updated with the LATEST version
(see www.dvdhs.com), the drive will record 4X DVD-R media at
2X speed.
If the drive firmware has NOT been updated, using 4X media
can cause damage to the 2X drive.
This is a Pioneer hardware issue, not a Verbatim DVD-R media
issue. Verbatim is certified by all 2X and 4X drive manufacturers.
All users of 2X DVD-R drives should consult their hardware manufacturer.
In general, 4X drives can write to 4X, 2X, or 1X speed DVD-R
discs, but the 4X drive will record 2X media at 2X speed, and
1X media at 1x speed.
The above statement applies only to the DVD-R format (not DVD+R),
but it is recommended to update the firmware of DVD+R/RW drives
as higher speed media enters the market to maximize compatibility.
The combo drives on the market are all 4X.
Note - this is a writing issue, not a reading issue. Once a
disc is recorded by a DVD drive at any speed, it can be read
by other DVD drives/recorders, DVD-ROM players, and DVD video
players.
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DVD-R Authoring vs. General Media: What's the Difference?
Panasonic Article |
Key Points of This Paper
- There are two types of DVD-R media:
o DVD-R for Authoring (635 nm wavelength recording sensitivity)
o DVD-R for General (650nm wavelength recording sensitivity)
- Each type of DVD-R disc must be recorded on the proper
drive (see chart below).
- Both types of DVD-R media can be played equally well on
any DVD video player or DVD-ROM drive that supports DVD-R
playback. Playback devices do not care which type of DVD-R
media was used for recording.
- DVD-R for Authoring media can be recorded only on the
Pioneer DVD-S201 and DVR-S101 (3.95GB only)
- DVD-R for General media can be recorded only on the Pioneer
DVDR-A03 and DVR-103 (OEM) droves. As well as the VR-2000
set top video recorder.
- Either type of DVD-R disc can contain any type of information,
including authored DVD video titles
- CSS encrypted video programs cannot be stored on either
type of DVD-R media
| Pioneer DVD-R Recorder |
DVD-R
Media Supported |
Capacity |
| DVR-S101 |
Authoring |
3.95 GB only |
| DVR-S201 |
Authoring |
3.95 and 4.7 GB |
| DVR-A03, DVR-103 (OEM) |
General |
4.7 GB only |
| DVR-2000 (set top video recorder) |
General |
4.7 GB only |
Introduction
There are now two different types of DVD Recordable (DVD-R)
media: DVD-R for Authoring and DVD-R for General. It is important
to understand how these two formats differ, and just as importantly,
how they are alike. In a nutshell, it's important to match
the correct type of DVD-R media with specific DVD-R recorders,
but after recording, either type can be used for playback
on any playback device that supports DVD-R.
Background
DVD-R is an official member of the DVD Forum's family of
formats. Its write-once characteristic allows users to make
their own DVD discs, very similar to how CD-Rs are recorded.
As with CD-R, playback compatibility is one of DVD-R's most
important attributes - nearly all existing DVD video players
and DVD-ROM drives will play one or both of the two available
disc capacities (3.95 or 4.75 billion bytes). Another key
feature is the security inherent in DVD-R's write-once nature
- no one can accidentally erase valuable information once
it's been recorded. And because at least one media manufacturer
(Pioneer) specifies a 100-year life expectancy of recorded
DVD-R discs, the format is well suited for long term archival
applications.
Until early 2001, DVD-R was used primarily in professional
applications such as video authoring and storage of imaging
data. For DVD authoring users, DVD-R allows testing and approval
of finished titles prior to mass production, and can even
be used by some replicators as the final program source in
place of DLT tape. In many cases, recorded DVD-R discs are
the finished product when only a few discs are needed for
deployment in vertical applications such as museums or videowalls
in retail stores. In medical environments, x-rays, CT-scans
and ultrasound video images are stored in automated DVD-R
library systems to provide physicians much faster access to
information as well as better reliability than tape solutions.
In the banking industry, the format is used for storage and
retrieval of checks and credit card receipt images generated
each day in retail transactions.
During this initial three year period, the underlying technology
of theses professional applications employed 63 nanometer
(nm) lasers for writing information to 3.95 and 4.7 GB DVD-R
discs. This technology has allowed DVD-R products to become
vital and dependable components of many DVD authoring suites
and library systems around the world.
Two Formats for Two Markets: Professional and Consumer
To support consumer applications for DVD-R, the DVD Forum
determined that another type of DVD-R media was necessary.
The newest member of the DVD-R family uses a recording wavelength
of 650nm, and discs are recorded on different drives than
the existing 635nm format. This new format is called "DVD-R
for General", because it is aimed at a broad base of
applications. Meanwhile, the existing 635nm format has been
renamed "DVD-R for Authoring" to reflect its used
in professional applications.
Why are there two formats? The key reason for the introduction
of DVD-R for General media is that it contains content protection
measures that make it physically impossible to make bit-for-bit
copies of CSS encrypted entertainment titles.
Meanwhile, the 4.7 GB Authoring media specification has introduced
a new and unique feature that is potentially quite valuable
to professional users: the Cutting Master Format (CMF). CMF
allows 4.7 GB Authoring media to be used as a direct replacement
for DLT master tapes when submitting a title for replication,
thus saving valuable time in the final authoring stage. This
is accomplished by using a portion of the DVD-R disc's lead-in
area to store the DDP (Disc Description Protocol) header information
normally used on DLT master tapes. The CMF capability is one
reason why Pioneer anticipates that Authoring drives and media
will continue to be utilized in the professional DVD environment;
general media does not accommodate this feature.
Either type of DVD-R media can be used for DVD video authoring,
which is the process of preparing video content for use in
DVD video players. It should be noted, however, that CSS encryption
cannot be used with either type of DVD-R media.
Recording Compatibility
The two types of DVD-R media use different recording laser
wavelengths, which means that the proper type of media must
be recorded in the corresponding type of DVD-R drive. Authoring
media must be recorded in either a DVR-S101 (3.95 GB only)
drive or a DVR-S201 (both capacities) drive, and General media
must be recorded in a General drive such as the DVR-A03 or
DVR-2000 video set top recorder. Pioneer expects that future
drives, including those from other manufacturers, will most
likely be General type drives.
Playback Compatibility
For playback, there is no compatibility consideration. Both
Authoring and General DVD-R media can be played back equally
well in any DVD video players or DVD-ROM drive that supports
DVD-R (most existing models).
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and general dvd media, dvd-r for authoring, dvd-r for general,
dvd r for authoring, dvd r for general, dvd-r playback, dvd
r playback
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| What is a hub printable DVD? |
A hub printable DVD is printable essentially up to the spindle
hole, a non hub printable DVD has a mirror or clear plastic
band around the hole that is not printable.
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| Is it important to match the correct type of DVD-R media
(Authoring or General) with specific DVD-R recorders? |
Yes, but after recording either type can be used for playback
on any playback device that supports DVD-R. The two types of
DVD-R media use different
recording laser wavelengths, which means that the proper type
of media must be recorded in the corresponding type of DVD-R
drive i.e. General media in a General recording device and Authoring
media in an Authoring recording device.
For playback there is no compatibility consideration. Both
Authoring and General DVD-R media can be played back equally
well in any DVD video player or DVD-ROM drive that supports
DVD-R.
Please see Pioneer's white
paper on the differences between Authoring and General DVD-Rs
for more details
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| DVD disc differences - I understand the R and RW indicators
mean. What does the "+" or "-"mean
in DVD+R versus DVD-R? |
They are actually different formats,. which require different
equipment to record on. Eg Pioneer's are a DVD-R/RW
format. HP/Sony has come up with a different recording system,
the DVD+R/RW system, and
then off course there is the DVD-RAM
system...
All of these 3 are supposed to be able to play back on any DVD
machine, but when you want to record a disc, you have the make
sure the DVD-recorder you have, and the disc are the same format.
You cannot put a +RW disc in a -RW machine - it won't record.
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| Free firmware update from Pioneer that ensures 4x DVDR
media is safe to use with their drives. |
Pioneer DVD-R/RW Computer Drives and DVD Recorders Require Firmware
Update for New High Speed Discs. See the Pioneer article at
http://www.pioneerelectronics.com/hs/ for more details. You
may also find the http://www.dvdhs.com/ site helpful as it provides
support information for recording to new high-speed DVD-R/RW.
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DVD. Frequently Asked Questions - Maxell 2004
http://www.maxellcanada.com/faqs/computer_media/dvd.htm
http://www.maxell.com/Content/Pages/Page.asp?Section=FAQs&Department=datamedia_faq&Line=optical_faq
| What is pre-recorded DVD? |
Pre-recorded DVD is product that a consumer can purchase at
retail stores. It can be in the form of DVD movies (Gladiator),
DVD audio (Santana-Abraxas) and DVD-ROM's (Encyclopedia Britannica)
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Blank DVD is a recordable version of DVD. Blank DVD can be either
DVD-R (Write once), DVD- RAM, RW, or +RW (Rewritables).
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| What does "DVD" stand for? |
The acronym "DVD" stands for "Digital Versatile
Disc". It was also known as "Digital Video Disc",
but it is not limited to video data. DVD's can also store data
and audio information.
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| What are the benefits and advantages of blank DVD's
? |
Because of their capacity and enhanced video and audio capabilities,
DVD's can be used as an alternative to video tapes for movies
and as an alternative to video tapes for movies and as an alternative
to CD-ROM's for computer data. DVD is also great for home video
archiving. DVD unlike videotape, will not degrade with age or
after several playbacks. Depending on the format, re-recordable
DVD's can be recorded from 1,000 to 100,000 times.
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| What are the differences between DVD's and CD's? |
A DVD can hold much more data than a CD. Some DVD's are recorded
on both sides, to store both wide screen and standard versions
of a movie. Whereas a CD, is only recorded on one side.
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| What are the different types of DVD's? |
There are DVD video's (movies), write once DVD's, rewritable
DVD's, DVD-ROM's (read-only computer information) and audio
DVD's (music), and mini DVD's for camcorder applications.
| How do DVD's compare to a videotape? |
DVD's are more flexible in terms of their features. For example,
with a DVD video disc you are able to directly access certain
scenes of a movie. DVD's are also very reliable and more durable.
DVD's offer a much higher picture quality in terms of video
resolution.
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| What quality is DVD-Video? |
DVD-Video can produce studio quality video. DVD is superior
to videotape and is better than laser disc.
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DVD-Audio was introduced late in the year 2000. Panasonic, Technics,
Pioneer, JVC and Yamaha manufacture DVD-Audio players. The primary
advantages of DVD Audio are enhanced sound and additional playback
features. There are currently over 200 DVD-Audio titles available.
| Will a pre-recorded DVD audio disc sound better than
a pre-recorded music CD? |
Yes, the audio on a pre-recorded DVD Audio disc is far superior
to that of a standard CD audio disc. The greater storage capacity
of a DVD allows for higher fidelity audio formats such as 6-channel
surround, DTS (Digital Theatre Sound), and Dolby Digital audio.
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| How should DVD's be cared for? |
DVD's should be treated basically the same way a CD is treated.
Keep your discs and the inside of your player free from dust
and debris. Be careful not to scratch the top or bottom surfaces
of the disc, and keep them away from extreme temperatures and
humidity. Write only with a soft, water based, felt tip marker.
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| Should I affix labels on DVD's? |
DVD labels are not recommended since they can adversely affect
disc balance and can damage the drive if they peel off while
in use.
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| Can CD-R recorders write DVD's? |
No. CD-R writers/burners cannot write recordable DVD's. However,
there are some DVD recordable drives that can write CD-R's &
CD-RW's. It should also be noted that CD players and recorders
cannot read or play DVD's.
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| Are audio CD's compatible with DVD players? |
Yes. All DVD players and computer DVD-ROM drives will play audio
CD's.
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| What is the capacity of a single sided 12cm DVD disc? |
A single-sided single-layer disc can hold 4.7GB of data or two
(2) hours of video in standard recording mode. It will also
hold 6 hours of CD quality audio. A single-sided dual-layer
disc can hold 8.5GB of data, four (4) hours of DVD quality video,
or 16 hours of VHS quality video.
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| What is meant by "dual layer", and how does
it differ from a single-layer disc? |
Dual layer (DL) DVD has actually been around for some time on
pre-recorded DVD's, and now the latest advancements in technology
have just recently enabled the development of dual layer recordable
DVD. The dual layer disc actually contains two separate layers
that can be accessed from a single side of the disc, almost
doubling the capacity of a single-layer disc without having
to flip it over to access the additional capacity. Dual layer
recordable discs will have a single-sided capacity of 8.5GB,
and will be play back compatible with existing DVD players and
drives.
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| Will my current DVD burner be able to record to dual
layer DVD media? |
No, existing DVD recorders will not be able to record to dual
layer DVD media. Only the latest recorders that are designed
specifically for use with dual layer media will be able to do
so. The debut recording speed for the dual layer DVD+R (the
first dual layer recordable media to be introduced to the market)
will be 2.4X
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| Will DVD's eventually replace CD's and CD-ROM's? |
Since there is good support for the DVD format in the electronics
industry, there is a high probability that over the next ten
years, DVD's will replace CD's.
| What are the blank recordable versions of DVD? |
There are currently 3 types authorized by the DVD Forum: DVD-R,
for one time recording, and DVD-RAM & DVD-RW for re-recording.
DVD+RW is a fourth format, re-recordable format, not authorized
by the DVD Forum, along with DVD+R, for one time recording.
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| Why can DVD RAM be written over 100,000 times? |
DVD Ram has 9 internal recording surfaces as compared to 3 internal
recording surfaces for DVD-RW and DVD +RW. DVD Ram's metal alloy
was created for computer use and therefore affords DVD Ram a
far greater number of rewrites.
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| How long will DVD's last? |
Pre-recorded DVD movies can last anywhere from 50 to 300 years.
Blank write once discs, DVD-R, will last anywhere from 30 to
50 years after being recorded. The blank rewritable formats,
DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, can last anywhere from 25 to 100 years
after recording.
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| What are the differences between the three re-recordable
types? |
DVD-RAM is a re-recordable/erasable format. It has a single
side capacity of 4.7 GB, and can be re-written about 100,000
times. DVD-RAM is the format of choice for such manufacturers
as Hitachi, Toshiba & Panasonic. It is playable in some
DVD computer drives and consumer players.
DVD-RW is also a re-recordable /erasable format. It was developed
by Pioneer and is playable in many DVD computer drives and
consumer players. It has a capacity of 4.7 GB and can be re-written
over 1,000 times.
DVD+RW is another re-recordable/erasable DVD format. It has
a capacity of 4.7 GB and can be re-written over 1,000 times.
It is currently available and is supported by HP, Phillips,
Ricoh and others, and is playable in many DVD computer drives
and consumer players.
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| What equipment is needed to use an audio DVD disc? |
Most current DVD video players and DVD-ROM drives will also
play pre-recorded audio DVD's.
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| What equipment is needed to play a DVD video? |
For a DVD video, you need a DVD player connected to your television
or to your audio/video (surround-sound) system. You can also
playback a DVD Video on a computer DVD ROM drive, but additional
hardware and software will be required.
| Can a pre-recorded DVD movie or DVD audio disc be copied
onto blank DVD media? |
When DVD recordable media was first introduced, the answer was
no. Sophisticated copy protections methods were employed to
render copying impossible. That has since changed with the introduction
of software copying applications. Hollywood has taken legal
action against the software companies who have developed these
programs, the outcome of which is still pending at the time
of this writing.
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| Can a CD be copied onto a DVD blank media disc? |
Yes, this is possible but the recording will sound the same
as the CD source material - CD quality only.
| What makes DVD+R write once and DVD RAM, RW and +RW
rewritable? |
DVD+R utilizes a dye similar to CD-R for recording. Once this
dye is altered (burned/written) it cannot be changed (rewritten).
The re-writable formats: DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW use a metal
alloy material called phase-change, similar to what is used
in CD-RW, to allow re-recording.
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| What is meant by DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10, and DVD-18? |
The DVD-(Number) acronym denotes the type of DVD and its approximate
capacity. The translations are as follows:
DVD-5 is a single-sided, single-layer DVD with a capacity of
4.7GB (approx. 5GB)
DVD-9 is a single-sided, dual-layer DVD with a capacity of 8.5GB
(approx. 9GB)
DVD-10 is a double-sided, single-layer DVD with a capacity of
9.4GB (approx. 10GB).
DVD-18 is a double-sided, double-layer DVD with a capacity of
17GB (approx. 18GB).
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| What are DVD dual format or DVD multi-format recorders? |
Many current DVD recorders, including those found in PC's and
set top video recorders, are offering multi-format recording
options by combining two or more formats into a single recorder.
There are dual DVD±R/RW recorders that record to both
the -R/RW and +R/RW formats; DVD-Multi format recorders that
record to DVD-R, DVD-RW, and DVD-RAM; and DVD "Universal"
recorders that record to -R/RW, +R/RW, and DVD-RAM (all of the
recordable DVD formats).
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| What types of printable DVD's are available, and what
are their applications? |
There are two basic types of printable surfaces for recordable
DVD's - a shiny surface and a matte surface. Both surfaces are
generally available in either white or silver. There are several
different types of printers that are designed specifically for
printing directly to the surface of CD/DVD media. Each printer
uses either the matte or the shiny surface media, depending
on which printing technique (thermal or inkjet) it employs.
The shiny surface media is typically used in thermal printers
where a smooth, glossy finish is essential to the thermal transfer
process. Any imperfections in the disc surface could cause gaps
or blank areas to appear in the printer image. The matte surfaces
are designed for use with inkjet printers. The matte surface
is engineered to be very porous so that it can quickly absorb
the ink from the printer, enabling it to dry very quickly without
running, bleeding or streaking.
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| How does DVD Camcorder differ from the standard size
DVD formats? |
DVD Video Camcorder is a mini size DVD (8cm) with a recording
capacity of 30 minutes on a single-side disc to 60 minutes on
a double-side disc. In comparison, a standard size DVD Video
is a 12cm disc and has a recording capacity of up to 120 minutes.
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| Will 8cm mini DVD-R media record and playback in Hitachi
DVD RAM camcorders? |
Yes, Hitachi's newest second generation DVD RAM camcorder will
play and record both DVD RAM mini and DVD-R mini.
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| Can I playback the 8cm mini DVD-R / RAM Video Camcorder
disc in my DVD video player? |
You will be able to play the mini DVD-R discs (after finalization)
in most set top DVD players, but playback of the DVD-RAM discs
might be limited to players made by Hitachi, Panasonic, and
Toshiba, or those that specifically state they are DVD-RAM compatible.
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| CD & DVD Media Compatibility / Playback Chart |
| |
Media/Disc Type
|
|
Drives
|
CD-ROM
|
|
|
DVD-ROM
|
|
|
|
|
DVD Video
|
|
DVD-ROM Drive
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
DD
|
DD
|
DD
|
Yes
|
|
DVD-R Recorder
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
DD
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
DVD-RAM Recorder
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
|
DVD-RW Recorder
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
DVD+RW
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
DVD-Video Player
|
No
|
DD
|
DD
|
No
|
Yes
|
DD
|
DD
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Computer/Data Storage Applications
|
Consumer Video
Applications
|
DD = Drive Dependent
|
* Chart specifies "Read" or "Playback"
compatibility only
** Use this chart as a quick reference by
first identifying the drives in the far left column and then
reading across for the media options and compatibility
Sources for above Maxell DVD FAQ
http://www.maxellcanada.com/faqs/computer_media/dvd.htm
http://www.maxell.com/Content/Pages/Page.asp?Section=FAQs&Department=datamedia_faq&Line=optical_faq
DVD - Frequently Asked Questions Booklet. Maxell April 2004.
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